755 Figure 1
Screenshot of 755 (Nana-gō-gō).
Source: Shunsuke Nozawa.
755 Figure 2
Screenshot of 755 (Nana-gō-gō).
Source: Shunsuke Nozawa.
801-chan
801chan. Kamomēru (もかめーる). https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/801%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93#/media/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:801chan.JPG. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported.
Abe Shinzo
Cerimônia de encerramento dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016. Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_encerramento_dos_Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_Rio_2016_1039534-21082016-_mg_8618.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Brazil.
Akasaka on a Rainy Night
Akasaka on a rainy night. Alex Knight. https://unsplash.com/photos/c4Fvlp63yAQ. Unsplash License.
AKB48
AKB48 in Singapore. gordon. https://www.flickr.com/photos/gordonator_sg/5721226372. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.
Amai Muchi
Amai Muchi. 2013. DVD. Directed by Ishii Takashi. Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Amamiya Karin
Amamiya Karin. OurPlanet-TV. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karin_Amamiya_2015.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported.
ARASHI
ARASHI mengguncang Jakarta! Japanese Station. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARASHI_mengguncang_Jakarta!_1m_5s.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported.
Ayanami Rei
Unscaled Ayanami Rei (Yamashita Shunya ver.). _Chag. https://www.flickr.com/photos/_chag/4261158956. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.
Ayase Haruka Balloon
Haruka Ayase. Edomura no Tokuzō. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haruka_Ayase-1.jpg. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
BABYMETAL
BABYMETAL, O2 Arena, London. Drew de F Fawkes. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BABYMETAL,_O2_Arena,_London_(31334311732).jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.
Banana Bread Pudding
Ōshima Yumiko. 1980. Banana bureddo no pudingu. Tokyo: Shōgakukan.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Blouson Chiemi
Watanabe O-warai Kōshiki Channel. “Blouson Chiemi ‘Kareshi no onegai ni shikata naku kotaeteimasu’.” YouTube video, 1:52. Dec. 24, 2016. https://youtu.be/PFUtohoTfJw.
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Bōsōzoku
Bosozoku. Fredrik Strömberg. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku#/media/File:TT061213G_b%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.
Charisma Wizard Dude
Ginga Teikoku. 2002. Karisuma onmyoji-kun. Tokyo: Suruga-ya.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Comiket
Cosplay at Comiket. Guilhem Vellut. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cosplay_at_Comiket_84.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.
Crown Prince and Princess
Crown Prince & Princess & Emperor Showa & Empress Kojun wedding 1959. Rekishi-JAPAN. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Crown_Prince_%26_Princess_%26_Emperor_Showa_%26_Empress_Kojun_wedding_1959-4.jpg. Public Domain.
Dan Mitsu
Arasā-chan (around 30 chan). Episode 1. Written by Mine Nayuka. TV Tokyo, July 26, 2014.
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Dark Water
Dark Water 2002 Film Poster. Andrzejbanas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dark-Water-2002-film-poster.jpg.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
denkimeter
Inoue Akito. 2011. #denkimeter [mobile application software]. https://www.japantrends.com/japan-trends/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/denkimeter-iphone.jpg.
denkimeter Webpage
*Image reproduced by author from http://denkimeter.com/.
Edokko Mikoshī
Photo by Ezra Toback.
Encoding-Decoding
Reproduced from Hall, Stuart. 1999. “Encoding, Decoding.” In The Cultural Studies Reader, edited by Simon During, 508. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
fabrizio-chiagano-hS17IhMVNIE-unsplash
blue framed glass building. Fabrizio Chiagano. https://unsplash.com/photos/hS17IhMVNIE. Unsplash License.
Fansubbing
Example of a fansubbed anime. Zerabat. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Example_of_a_fansubbed_anime.png Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported.
Fragrance of the Night
Ri Kōran (Yamaguchi Yoshiko). “Evening Primrose / Fragrance of the Night”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LiXianglan_-_The_Evening_Primrose.ogg. Public Domain.
Fullmetal Alchemist
Arakawa Hiromu. 2002. Hagane no renkinjutsushi, vol. 1. Tokyo: Square Enix.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fullmetal123.jpg.
Gackt
Gackt. Dick Thomas Johnson. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gackt_(cropped).jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.
Genre
“Comedy and tragedy masks vector image.” Free SVG. https://freesvg.org/comedy-and-tragedy-masks-vector-image. Public Domain.
Ghost Buster Abe no Seimei
Hayami Yoku. 2003. Gōsuto basutā Abe no Seimei. Tokyo: Gakken Plus.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Hara Setsuko
Setsuko Hara in Atarashiki Tsuchi. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Setsuko_Hara_in_Atarashiki_Tsuchi.jpg. Public Domain.
Hayashibara Megumi
Hayashibara Megumi. Fifty~Fifty. King Records, 2018, compact disc.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Hitomi CULKET
*Photo taken and reproduced by Patrick W. Galbraith.
Ishihara Yūjirō
“Ishihara Yūjirō.” Heibon. March 1957.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Ishihara Yūjirō Ore wa matteiru-ze
“O-konomi kayō manga ‘Ore wa matteru-ze,’” Heibon, September 1957.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Just Bento
Makiko Itoh. JustBento. Accessed May 1, 2020. https://justbento.com/.
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Just Hungry
Makiko Itoh. Just Hungry. Accessed May 1, 2020. https://justhungry.com/.
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Kadokawa Summer Program 2014
*Photo by Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo.
Kadokawa Symposium (Ōtsuka Eiji, Kadokawa Tsuguhiko, and Ishida Hidetaka)
*Photo by Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo.
Kanda Mikoshī
Photo by Ezra Toback.
Kanda Myōjin
Photo courtesy of Kanda Shrine.
Kara
Kara (한국어). MFDice. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kara_(band)#/media/File:150621._%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC_%ED%8C%AC%EB%AF%B8%ED%8C%85_&_%ED%87%B4%EA%B7%BC%EA%B8%B8.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Kawaei Rina
Kawaei Rina from “The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps” World Premiere Red Carpet of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2018. Dick Thomas Johnson. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawaei_Rina_from_%22The_House_Where_the_Mermaid_Sleeps%22_World_Premiere_Red_Carpet_of_the_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_2018_(43865481800).jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.
Kaya_Salome
Kaya Salome. VisualKeiFan. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaya_Salome.JPG. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.
Kimura Takuya
Kimura Takuya (木村拓也). Yūgikichi (遊戲基地). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%91%E6%8B%93%E5%93%89.png. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported.
Kiritani Mirei
Kiritani Mirei. News Zero. Nippon TV. January 26, 2013.
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Kumamon
“Drawing of kumamon, mascot of Kumamoto prefecture.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamon#/media/File:Kumamon_illustration.jpedg. Fair Use.
Kumota Haruko
Kumota Haruko. 2010. Yabara, vol. 1. Tokyo: Marble Comics.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Lehdonvirta Graph 1
“Average price by type of monster, December 2015 (JPY)”
Source: Vili Lehdonvirta
Lehdonvirta Graph 2
“Revenues by seller, December 2015 (JPY)”
Source: Vili Ledonvirta.
Mikazuki Munechika
Screenshot of browser-based webgame Touken Ranbu (Wild Dance of Swords)
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Mikoshī
Photo courtesy of Kanda Shrine.
Mimiketto 22
Mimiketto 22 catalogue cover from 2010.
Reproduced courtesy of Mimiketto Junbikai.
Moomin Toys
Moomin toys. Olimar. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moomin_toys.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
My Lonesome Cowboy
My Lonesome Cowboy. lesleyk. https://www.flickr.com/photos/lesleyk/2082685021. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic.
Nakahara Junichi
Nakahara Junichi. 中原淳一ホームページ (Nakahara Junichi Homepage). Accessed May 1, 2020. http://www.junichi-nakahara.com.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Nishihara Satsuki
Nishihara Satsuki. 2020. Onna no ko-tte mahō da-yo-ne. Tokyo: Kōyū Shuppan.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
No Regrets
Wa ga seishun ni nikuinashi (No Regrets for Our Youth). 1946. Directed by Kurosawa Akira. Tokyo: Toho Co.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Olive
Olive. November 18, 1984.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Paletee FIRST PERFORMANCE
*Photo taken and reproduced by Patrick W. Galbraith.
Perfume
A-chan, Nocchi & Kashiyuka (Perfume) “We Are Perfume” at Opening Ceremony of the 28th Tokyo International Film Festival. Dick Thomas Johnson. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A-chan,_Nocchi_%26_Kashiyuka_(Perfume)_%22We_Are_Perfume%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_(22415969052).jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.
Puzzle & Dragons
Puzzle & Dragons. namagaki. https://www.flickr.com/photos/namagaki/8699940307. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic.
Reika
Cosplayer Reika from Japan. Berliner.Gazette. https://www.flickr.com/photos/berlinergazette/17480306942/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic.
Season of the Sun
Season of the Sun poster. Nikkatsu Corporation. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Season_of_the_Sun_poster.jpg. Public Domain.
Secret Guyz
Tokyo Rainbow Pride Parade. Nesnad. https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:TokyoRainbowPrideParade-mainstage-secretguyz-zoomin-may8-2016.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic.
Seimei Jinja
“Abe no Seimei-kō, itsuwa sono-9.” Seimei Jinja. Accessed May 1, 2020. https://www.seimeijinja.jp/anecdotal_story/.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Shinken Pink
Shinken Pink. Super Sentai Battle: Dice-O Wiki. https://supersentaibattlediceo.fandom.com/wiki/Shinken_Pink. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License 3.0 (Unported).
Taiyōzoku
Mainichi gurafu, August 12, 1956: 12.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Takashi Murakami
Takashi Murakami. Knulclunk. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Takashi_Murakami_c.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.
Tarot Card of The Magician
Itateyama Misuzu. 2012. Wa-tarotto. Fukuoka: Azusa Shoin.
*Image reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Tengoku ni Ichiban Chikai Shima
Tengoku ni ichiban chikai shima (The Island Closest to Heaven). 1984. DVD. Directed by Ôbayashi Nobuhiko. Tokyo: Toei Co.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
The Legend of Abe no Seimei
Mizuki Shigeru. 2009. Abe no Seimei kōden. Tokyo: Chūō Kōron Shinsha.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
The Secrets of Abe no Seimei
Kūyogi Shūkei. 20012. Abe no Seimei hiden onmyoji ”shikigami” uranai. Tokyo: Futami Shobō.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Toki wo Kakeru Shōjo
Toki wo kakeru shōjo. 1983. DVD. Directed by Ōbayashi Nobuhiko. Tokyo: Kadokawa.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Tokyo 2020 Olympics Logo
Tokyo 2020 Olympics Logo. Kenjiro Sano (MR_DESIGN Inc). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_2020_Olympics.svg. Public Domain.
Tonari no 801-chan Manga
Kojima Ajiko. Tonari no 801-chan, vol. 1. Tokyo: Bunkasha.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tonari_no_801-chan_manga_volume_1.jpg.
Welcome to the Ballroom
Anime Pony Canyon. “Ima kara demo wakaru TV anime ‘Bōrurūmu e yōkoso’.” YouTube video, 1:52. Nov. 27, 2017. https://youtu.be/kLhfm-q7vXQ.
*Screenshot reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.
Yamaguchi Yoshiko
Yoshiko Yamaguchi. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yoshiko_Yamaguchi.jpg. Public Domain.
Yuri Danshi
Kurata Uso.2011. Yuri danshi, vol. 1. Tokyo: Ichijinsha.
*Cover art reproduced under non-commercial, academic fair use.